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Lecture 6, Winter School “Introduction to Politics & European Integration” – Brain Drain, Causes, Facts, Realities, New Generations and Governance

Lecture 6, Winter School “Introduction to Politics & European Integration” – Brain Drain, Causes, Facts, Realities, New Generations and Governance

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Lecturer: Prof. Kabo progress. Lecture topic: Brain Drain (causes, realities, facts), New Generations & Governance. During part I we talked about the phenomenon of brain drain as internal and external movement. In this regard, 3 main reasons were identified why qualified people leave; 1) internal unrest in the country; 2) the existence of preferential opportunities in the country where they leave; 3) desire for a high standard of living. When the new generations and professionals with careers invested in the country leave, then the natural growth falls, the average age of the population increases, they weaken public revenues, economic losses are caused and social investment in the displaced is lost. It was noted that Albania lacks policies for brain recovery and circulation; Albanian scientific diaspora (example: setting up a database with all those Albanians who have studied in a certain field, eg IT, who are invited to work in their country with the same conditions by drafting special funds for them; to invite the scientific diaspora to be decision-makers in policy making, etc.). The language of the figures was spoken: Emigration to the US as a Preferred Country Due to Lack of Xenophobia towards Foreigners; application figures: 2011 = 87’000 Albanians / 2013 = 123’000 Albanians / 2015 = 199’000 Albanians / 2020 = 250’000 Albanians. Also, during the years 2013-2017 there was a tripling of German language learning by Albanians. According to GALLUP, in 2019, 79% of young people want to leave Albania permanently.Albanian students studying abroad according to UNESCO based on OSCE data; in 1998 = 4’596 students, in 2005 = 15’241 students, in 2016 = 24’372 students. Among the highest figures compared to the countries of the Western Balkans. So, it was pointed out that, we are not just talking about brain drain but emptying the homeland. The reason for this departure is the economic problems and the lack of a national strategy to improve the relationship between man and the market. Only 0.01% of the state GDP goes to the youth in Albania, so only 0.07 Euros per day. Jobs are not created by the government but by the market, because the government has only the public administration in its hands. Government can positively influence job creation from the market through development policies; provide facilities for young people so that they are not afraid to get married and start a family out of economic insecurity, as Hungary does by giving young people old houses with low credit. Fight partitocracy and replace it with meritocracy as this offends talented young people. Albanian emigrants save their money in foreign banks as there are no Albanian banks in the countries where they live and work. The example of the Nation Road was given; has cost 1 billion and 200 million. For this road, 320 million Euros of trade credit has been taken in the Greek bank. No soft loan was obtained from the World Bank which could be obtained with 3% interest and long maturity. A stock market could have been created, where the lowest share level could be 5000 Euros and all Albanians inside and outside who have savings, could buy shares and when the work was finished either the share would be returned to them with% or they would remain shareholders. Dividends divided by invested stock could give you% at the end of the year.

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Location: Lezhë
Date: January 29, 2021
Duration: 1 Day